Web3 depends on a number of protocols and standards that control how various components interact with one another. These protocols and standards are essential for the growth of decentralized apps as well as for enabling frictionless communication and interoperability. The following are important Web3 protocols and standards:

Ethereum (ETH): Ethereum is a blockchain-based platform on which many Web3 apps are built. It offers a solid architecture that makes it possible to run smart contracts and create decentralized apps.

InterPlanetary File System (IPFS): IPFS is a decentralized content hosting and retrieval system that uses distributed file storage. Sharing files among a network of nodes is made possible, enhancing data accessibility and censorship resistance.

On the Ethereum blockchain, there are two token standards: ERC-20 and ERC-721. The fungible token standard, which is frequently used to cryptocurrencies and utility tokens, is defined by ERC-20. The non-fungible token (NFT) standard, on the other hand, is defined by ERC-721 and is used to represent certain digital assets.

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Networking: P2P networking protocols, like BitTorrent, make it possible to share data directly between users without the use of a centralized server. These protocols strengthen decentralization by allowing users to exchange and access data from many sources.

Consensus techniques: Web3 makes use of a number of consensus techniques to reach consensus among network users. Blockchain networks' security and integrity are guaranteed by two widely used consensus methods, Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS).

OAuth is an authentication system that enables users to authorize access to their data by third-party applications without disclosing their login information. It improves user control over data access and security.

A suitable interface for dealing with Web3 protocols and decentralized apps is provided by the JavaScript library known as Web3.js. By providing tools and utilities to interface with smart contracts, manage transactions, and access blockchain data, it streamlines the development process.